Agroforestry systems can be advantageous over
conventional agricultural, and forest production methods. They can offer
increased productivity, economic benefits, and more diversity in the ecological
goods and services provided.
Biodiversity in agroforestry systems is typically higher
than in conventional agricultural systems. With two or more interacting plant
species in a given land area, it creates a more complex habitat that can
support a wider variety of birds, insects, and other animals. Depending upon
the application, potential impacts of agroforestry can include:
- · Reducing poverty through increased production of wood and other tree products for home consumption and sale
- · Contributing to food security by restoring the soil fertility for food crops
- · Cleaner water through reduced nutrient and soil runoff
- · Countering global warming and the risk of hunger by increasing the number of drought-resistant trees and the subsequent production of fruits, nuts and edible oils
- · Reducing deforestation and pressure on woodlands by providing farm-grown fuelwood
- · Reducing or eliminating the need for toxic chemicals (insecticides, herbicides, etc.)
- · Through more diverse farm outputs, improved human nutrition
·
In situations where people have limited
access to mainstream medicines, providing growing space for medicinal plants
- Agroforestry practices may also realize a number of other associated environmental goals, such as:
- · Carbon sequestration
- · Odour, dust, and noise reduction
- · Green space and visual aesthetics
- · Enhancement or maintenance of wildlife habitat
- · Adaptation to climate change
Applications
Agroforestry represents a wide diversity in application
and in practice. One listing includes over 50 distinct uses. The 50 or so
applications can be roughly classified under a few broad headings. There are
visual similarities between practices in different categories. This is expected
as categorization is based around the problems addressed (countering winds,
high rainfall, harmful insects, etc.) and the overall economic constraints and
objectives (labor and other inputs costs, yield requirements, etc.). The
categories include:
- · Parklands
- · Shade systems
- · Crop-over-tree systems
- · Alley cropping
- · Strip cropping
- · Fauna-based systems
- · Boundary systems
- · Taungyas
- · Physical support systems
- · Agroforests
- · Wind break and shelterbelt.
- · Parkland
- · Shade systems
- · Crop-over-tree systems
- · Alley cropping
- · Strip cropping
- · Fauna-based systems
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Vineet
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